Operating environment

We have a wide and diverse set of competitors in our categories. Many competitors also operate on an international scale, while others have a narrower regional or local focus.

Competition is a normal part of business. We aim to compete and provide added value to our consumers, customers and shareholders in three ways:

• by continually developing new and improved products that address relevant consumer needs and aspirations;
• by rolling out innovations and brand concepts across our businesses around the world; and
• by striving to lower the cost of our sourcing, manufacturing and distribution processes while ensuring the quality of our products.

Our businesses have established strong leadership positions – typically number 1 or number 2 – in the markets in which we are operating. In Foods, we hold the global number 1 position in savoury and dressings, spreads, tea-based beverages and ice cream. In home care, we hold the global number 2 position in laundry, with a number 1 position in many developing and emerging markets. In personal care, we hold the global number 1 position in mass skin care and deodorants, and the number 2 position in hair care. In oral care and household care, our strategy is focused on strong regional and local leadership positions in selected makets in Europe, Asia and Latin America.

Unilever's products are generally sold through our own sales force as well as through independent brokers, agents and distributors to chain, wholesale, co-operative and independent grocery accounts, food service distributors and institutions. Products are physically distributed through a network of distribution centres, satellite warehouses, company-operated and public storage facilities, depots and other facilities.

We sell our products in over 150 countries around the world. In many countries we manufacture the products that we sell, while we also export products to countries where we do not have manufacturing operations. The chosen manufacturing network is generally determined by an optimised regional sourcing strategy which takes account of requirements for innovation, quality, service, cost and flexibility.

Certain of our businesses, such as ice cream, are subject to significant seasonal fluctuations in sales. However, Unilever operates globally in many different markets and product categories. No individual element of seasonality is likely to be material to the results of the Group as a whole.

Transactions with related parties are conducted in accordance with agreed transfer pricing policies and include sales to joint ventures and associates. Other than those disclosed in this report, there were no related party transactions that were material to the Group or to the related parties concerned that are required to be reported in 2007 or the two preceding years.

For more information about related party transactions please refer also to note 30.